Lac culture in China probably dates back to 4000 years. Therefore they are degenerated, without wings but with distinct legs. The insects primarily deposit lac on the twigs and soft new branches of several varieties of soapberry and acacia trees, such as the sacred fig, Ficus religiosa, found in India, Thailand, Myanmar (Burma), and elsewhere in southeast Asia. Out of whuch the following are very common in India . लाख कीट के आर्थिक महत्व (Economic Importance of Lac Insect) 3. In Bangladesh lac culture dates back to the same period as in India. The lac insects start breeding on their own and require little attention. The lac insects (Homoptera: Tachardiidae), belonging to the genus Kerria, are commercially exploited for the production of lac.Kerria lacca is the most commonly used species in India. Lac insects, the crowning glory of India’s rich insect fauna (representing 21.8% diversity of the known lac insect species) are exploited for their products of commerce, namely, resin, dye, and wax. Lac is produced by an insect Laccifer lacca. Most of the locally available lac is of Indian origin. This property makes it useful either by itself or in combination with such fillers as flaked mica…. There are around 2300 species of praying mantis on the Earth of which a few hundred are being kept as pets. Habit and habitat: The lac insects have a no. In January young shoots come up. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Conventional method of lac … After cleaning the lac is finally crushed with the help of hand-operated mortars. The following are the stages involved in the reproduction of lac insects, Fertilization. Rain or water cannot wash o˛ this internal protection. It is used for making dyes, filling the hollow gold and silver ornaments, the making of bangles, etc. On the average some 150 of such larvae may be present per square inch of the twig. The identification of the species as Paratachardina lobataby Avas Hamon of DPI was confirmed by D. R. Miller of the Systematic Entomolo… In doing so, the brood lac (10 to 30 cm long) are to be tied in bundles of 2 or 3 sticks and in turn they should be tied up to the branches of the host tree. The lac insect belongs to the family of a scale insect and mealy bugs of the super family 'coccoidea'. these plants are called host plants. In present, the synthetic material such as Polyurethane and vinyl has been taken place of Lac, even after Lac is still in use as dyes, inks, polishes, sealing waxes, and as stiffening agents in the fabrication of felt hats. जीवन-चक्र (Life Cycle) 4. It measures 4-5 mm in length. However, only the sticklac is produced. It is mainly cultured in India and Bangladesh on the host plant, Zizyphus mauritiana and Z. jujuba. Lac insects thrive on more than 400 plant species generally growing in the forests which have varied economic, medicinal and social significance. Finally, the name was given as … Lacciferidae and Tachardinidae appear to be more concerned with lac secretion. Lac insect lives in cavities or cells made in the resin or lac secreted by them on their host plant. There are four seasons of lac cultivation and according to the Bengali calendar, they have been named as Kartiki, Aghrani, Baisakhi, and Jesthi. Lac, also spelled Lack, sticky, resinous secretion of the tiny lac insect, Laccifer lacca, which is a species of scale insect. In Talaimari areas of Rajshahi city there are more than 100 cottage industries where shellac is extracted from the sticklac produced in Nawabganj. Dhaliwal et al., 2012 The two critical periods of Chrysopa infestation are in August–September and March–April. The male lac insect may be winged or wingless and they copulate with the females while they are still in encased condition. There are several reasons that can explain the yield variation, which cover both biotic and abiotic factors. Lac insect predators are widely distributed in all lac growing areas of the country. The lac insects are sluggish and have almost sedentary life. Lac insects thrive on more than 400 plant species generally growing in the forests which have varied economic, medicinal and social significance. LIFE CYCLE OF LAC INSECT. strain of lac insect The host tree can be divided into three categories based on the type of strain Tree on which only kusumi strains can be developed : Shorea oleosa (kusum) Ari lac-It is immature lac harvested from the host plants. The most important insect pest to watch for is tea scale. In all 22 species have been recorded under the genus Laccifer in Indian subcontinent. because of bi-voltine nature of lac insect. The first scientific account of the lac insect was given by J. Kerr in 1782 Classification of Lac insect Phylum – Arthropoda Class – Insecta Order – Hemiptera Family – Kerriidae Genus – Kerria Species – lacca In Nawabganj areas lac is cultivated only once a year, ie Jesthi. Thailand generally has an export market to Calcutta where shellac is extracted from sticklac. For insect control, the insecticide must distribute completely through the plant. • There are two distinct strains of lac insect India called Kusumi and rangeeni. In the late sixties a Lac Culture Centre was established in Nawabganj which is now almost non-functional. More than 160 tree varieties play host to kerria lacca, which is found both wild and cultivated in Southeast Asia. Many other insects, such as various species of mosquitoes, are vectors for disease (e.g., malaria and yellow fever) or for human parasites (e.g.,…, …of the tiny lac insect, Laccifer lacca, which is a species of scale insect. It is easily soluble in alcohol and fuses on heating. C. Lac insects . The head bears a pair of antennae and a pair of eyes. In Bangladesh lac culture is restricted to Z. jujuba although some sticklac is occasionally collected from the wild from other host plants. This crushed lac is air dried after which it forms pale yellow colored granules. The female insects invade the host tree, protecting themselves and their young by secreting a resin that contains the red dye, quite different than the white webbing cochineal insects produce for protection. Lac has diverse uses. The lobate lac scale, Paratachardina pseudolobata Kondo & Gullan (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Kerriidae), was found for the first time in Florida on a hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) in the town of Davie (Broward County) in August 1999 by personnel of the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry (DPI) (Hamon 2001). More information on successfully growing camellias is available in HGIC 1062, Camellia. Mouth parts are absent so a male adult insect is unable to feed. Scriptures like Mahabharata and Shiva Purana have referenced to the Lac insect and the usefulness of the material. The young settles down on a suitable place of the host plant gregariously. This leads to the maintenance of diverse variety of plants having varied medicinal, economic and social significance. The rangini strain doesn’t thrive on kusum (Schleichera oleosa) but performs well on other host plant species. One gram of Lac is extracted from Up to 200 insects. Lac culture involves two important steps: (i) inoculation, and (ii) cropping. They live inside the chambers in the tree twigs. To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. India is the highest lac-producing country. In the Nawabganj district lac culture is one of the regular occupations of many local people. Members of two of the families viz. India is still being regarded as the principal lac producing country of the world. https://www.britannica.com/animal/Indian-lac-insect. These insects have a global distribution excepting Europe. the embryos are fully developed inside the eggs when they are laid. Seventy-two species of insect parasites associated with the lac insects and their predators are reported. They secrete a brown resinous substance called the lac . Lac Insect any of the species of Metatachardia, Laccifer, Tachordiella, Austrotacharidia, Afrotachardina, and Tachardina of the superfamily Coccoidea, order Homoptera that are noted for resinous exudation from the bodies of females. The minute red coloured larva of this insect, settles on succulent shoots of the host plants. The insect moults twice before reaching maturity. RAPD markers were used for assessing genetic variation in forty-eight lines of Kerria, especially among geographic races, infrasubspecific forms, cultivated lines, inbred lines, etc., of K. lacca. Camellia Dieback & Canker: This is one of the most serious of all camellia diseases and is caused by the fungus Glomerella cingulata. With the development of silk industry there, the Chinese were also engaged in lac culture. These insects have a global distribution excepting E The Indian lac insect Laccifer lacca is important commercially. A brief description of these two predators are given below: (1) Eublemma amabilis: This white moth is the most destructive predator of lac insect (Fig. Lac insects thrive on more than 400 plant species generally growing in the forests which have varied economic, medicinal and social significance.
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